To test the hypothesis that a diet lower in carbohydrate would lead to greater improvement in glycemic control over a 24-week period in patients with obesity and T2D.
29
2008
1
To test the hypothesis that a diet lower in carbohydrate would lead to greater improvement in glycemic control over a 24-week period in patients with obesity and T2D.
"Both diets resulted in SS improvements in HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, BMI, and weight loss. The LCK diet group had greater improvements in HbA1c (-1.5% vs. -0.5%), body weight (-11.1 kg vs. -6.9 kg, p=0.008), and HDL-C (+5.6 mg/dL vs. 0 mg/dL, p<0.001) compared to the LGI diet group. Diabetes medications were reduced or eliminated in 95.2% of LCK diet group vs. 62% of LGI diet subjects."
"WG: Y BG: N Improved in both diets Baseline→24 weeks LCK: 178.1→158.2mg/dL WG SS p<0.05 LGI: 166.8→150.8mg/dL WG SS p<0.05 BG NSS"
1
0
"WG: Y BG: Y Improved in both diets Baseline→24 weeks LCK: 8.8→7.3% WG SS p<0.05 LGI: 8.3→7.8% WG NSS BG SS p=0.03"
1
1
"Total C and total C:HDL ratio WG: N BG: N Both WG NSS"
0
0
"WG: Y BG: Y Baseline→24 weeks LCK: 44.0mg/dL→49.6 WG SS p<0.05 LGI: 0 change WG NSS BG SS p<0.05"
1
1
"LDL-C WG: N BG: N BG NSS VLDL WG: Y BG: N Improved in both diets BG NSS LCK: 37.3mg/dL→27.3 WG SS p<0.05 LGI: 27.7mg/dL→24.4 WG SS p<0.05 BG NSS "
0
0
"TG and TG:HDL-C ratio WG: Y BG: N TG Baseline→24 weeks LCK: 210.4mg/dL→142.9 WG SS p<0.05 LGI: 167.1mg/dL→147.8 WG NSS BG NSS TG:HDL-C ratio LCK: 5.2→3.4 WG SS p<0.05 LGI: 3.9→3.3 WG NSS BG NSS"
1
0
1
0
"Weight and BMI WG: Y BG: Y Improved in both diets Baseline→24 weeks Weight LCK: 108.4kg→97.3 WG SS p<0.05 LGI: 105.2kg→98.3 WG SS p<0.05 BG SS p=0.008 BMI LCK: 37.8→33.9 WG SS p<0.05 LGI: 37.9→35.2 WG SS p<0.05 BG SS p=0.05 "
1
1
"WG: Y BG: N Improved in both diets Baseline→24 weeks LCK: 144.4mgHg→127.8 WG SS p<0.05 LGI: 140.8mmHg→130.1 WG SS p<0.05 BG NSS "
1
0
"WG: Y BG: N Improved in both diets Baseline→24 weeks LCK: 83.9mgHg→75.8 WG SS p<0.05 LGI: 84.1mmHg→78.5 WG SS p<0.05 BG NSS "
1
0
"WG: Y BG: N Improved in both diets LCK: 20.4uU/mL→14.4 WG SS p<0.05 LGI: 14.8uU/mL→12.6 WG SS p<0.05 BG NSS "
1
0
NR
*
*
NR
*
*
"WG: NR BG: Y n (%) taking meds at baseline; n (%) reducing or eliminating meds at 24 weeks LC: 20 (95.2%); 20 (95.2%) (100% of those taking meds eliminated med or reduced dose) Low GI: 22(75.9%); 18(62.1%) (81.8% of those taking meds eliminated med or reduced dose) BG SS p<0.01 "
"Most common - headache, constipation, diarrhea, insomnia (more common in LC group) - back pain (more common in Low GI group) All BG NSS"
"Completion rates LC diet - 55.3% Control - 63.0%"
"Both diets led to improvements in glycemic control and medication reduction/elimination in motivated volunteers with T2D. The diet lower in carbohydrate led to greater improvements in glycemic control, and more frequent medication reduction/ elimination than the low glycemic index diet. Lifestyle modification using low carbohydrate interventions is effective for improving and reversing T2D."
Abbreviations:
AHA - American Heart Association;
ALT - alanine aminotransferase;
AMDR - acceptable macronutrient distribution range;
AST - aspartate aminotransferase;
BG - between study groups;
BHOB - beta-hydroxybutyrate;
DBP - diastolic blood pressure;
E- energy, caloric intake;
eGFR - estimated glomerular filtration rate;
FBG - fasting blood glucose;
GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase;
HDL-C - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
iGFR - isotope glomerurar filtration rate;
LDL-C - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
NAFLD - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;
NR - not reported (or data needed for calculation not available);
N - no;
NA - not applicable;
NS - not specified;
NSS - not statistically significant;
SBP - systolic blood pressure;
SS - statistically significant;
TG - triglyceride;
total C - total cholesterol;
V - varied, mixed;
WG - within a study group;
WMD - weighted mean difference;
Y - yes
Number of People in Studies:
3,296 Enrolled in randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
2,626 Completed randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
79.67% 82% completion of studies
Duration of Trial
<6 Months
6-9 Months
1 -2 years
>2 years
# of Trials
36
6
9s
1
Join the Low-Carb Action Network to stay informed of our latest news and calls to action.
Don't miss out on the chance to lend your voice for change!