Renal function following long-term weight loss in individuals with abdominal obesity on a very-low-carbohydrate diet vs high-carbohydrate diet.
8
2010
"Renal function following long-term weight loss in individuals with abdominal obesity on a very-low-carbohydrate diet vs high-carbohydrate diet. Brinkworth GD, Buckley JD, Noakes M et al. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2010 Apr;110(4):633-8. "
Australia
1
"A frequently cited concern of very-low-carbohydrate (VLCHF) diets is the potential for increased risk of renal disease associated with a higher protein intake. However, to date, no well-controlled randomized studies have evaluated the long-term effects of very-low-carbohydrate diets on renal function. Aim: to access the effects on renal function of a long-term VLCHF diet."
118
68
8%
31
1 yr
Y
"Enrolled n=118 adults with abdominal obesity and at least 1 other risk factor of metabolic syndrome Completed n=68 (57.6%) Mean age: 51.5y Mean BMI: 33.6 Gender: 25 males, 43 women no pre-existing renal dusfunction "
68
"Compared two E-restricted isocaloric diet: VLCHF diet vs high-carb, low-fat (HCLF) diet. Subjects - received dietary plans/records with specific food quantities, which they completed daily - asked to weigh and measure their food daily using scales that were provided - met individually with dietitian every 2 wks for the first 8 weeks, monthly thereafter "
Y
"Targets E: ~1433-1672kcal/d Carb: 4%E, 14g/d Protein: 35%, 124g/d Fat: 61%E, 99g/d Reported intake E: 1613kcal/d Carb: 31.1g/d Protein: 130.4g/d Fat: 101.8g/d"
"Target: 4% Intake: 7.7%"
"Target: 61% Intake: 56.8%"
"HC diet E: ~1433-1672kcal/d Carb: 46%E, 162g/d Protein: 24%, 85g/d Fat: 30%E, 49g/d Reported intake E: 1525kcal/d Carb: 171.7g/d Protein: 84.2g/d Fat: 45.7g/d"
"Primary: markers of renal function (serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] and urinary albumin excretion) Secondary: weight, BMI"
"Weight loss was SS WG for both diets; BG differences NSS. No SS change in either diet for creatinine or eGFR."
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"Weight, BMI WG: Y BG: N Baseline→52 weeks Weight VLCHF diet 93.9kg→79.4 p<0.001 HCLF diet 95.0→83.5 WG SS p<0.001 BG NSS BMI VLCHF diet 33.6→28.4 p<0.001 HCLF diet 33.5→29.4 p<0.001 BG NSS "
1
0
NR
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NR
relatively high dropout rate (42%) but compliance to diet protocols appeared to be good in those who completed the stuy
"Kidney function: eGFR, creatinine WG: N BG: N No SS change in either diet group one test for eGFR showed decrease in both diet groups; decrease was related to reduced body surface area and weight, not diet."
"This study provides preliminary evidence that long-term weight loss with a VLC diet does not adversely affect renal function compared with a HC diet in obese individuals with normal renal function."
Abbreviations:
AHA - American Heart Association;
ALT - alanine aminotransferase;
AMDR - acceptable macronutrient distribution range;
AST - aspartate aminotransferase;
BG - between study groups;
BHOB - beta-hydroxybutyrate;
DBP - diastolic blood pressure;
E- energy, caloric intake;
eGFR - estimated glomerular filtration rate;
FBG - fasting blood glucose;
GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase;
HDL-C - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
iGFR - isotope glomerurar filtration rate;
LDL-C - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
NAFLD - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;
NR - not reported (or data needed for calculation not available);
N - no;
NA - not applicable;
NS - not specified;
NSS - not statistically significant;
SBP - systolic blood pressure;
SS - statistically significant;
TG - triglyceride;
total C - total cholesterol;
V - varied, mixed;
WG - within a study group;
WMD - weighted mean difference;
Y - yes
Number of People in Studies:
3,296 Enrolled in randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
2,626 Completed randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
79.67% 82% completion of studies
Duration of Trial
<6 Months
6-9 Months
1 -2 years
>2 years
# of Trials
36
6
9s
1