Randomized clinical trial of standard dietary treatment versus a low-carbohydrate/ high-protein diet or the LighterLife Programme in the management of obesity.
44
2009
"Randomized clinical trial of standard dietary treatment versus a low-carbohydrate/ high-protein diet or the LighterLife Programme in the management of obesity. C Rolland, M Hession, S Murray et al. Journal of Diabetes. 2009 Sep;1(3):207-17. Epub 2009 Jun 26. "
UK
1
"To assess changes in weight, body composition and CVD risk in response to a very low-carbohydrate, high- protein diet (VLC+HP) or a moderately low-carb, E-restricted (Mod Carb) diet with commercial foods provided. "
72
62
20%
40
9 mos
Y
62
"VLC+HP diet Targets E: 800-1500kcal/d Carb: 20%E, ≤40g/d Protein: 40%E Fat: 40%E Intake: NR"
"Moderate Carb diet/LL diet (Mod diet) Targets E: 550kcal/d Carb: 36%E Protein: 36%E Fat: 28%E Intake: NR"
Primary: weight, body composition, CVD risk factors
"Some WG levels NR. For reporting here, the VLC+HP diet is regarded as the low-carb diet, although both tests were within range by definition of low/moderate carb intake. Greater WG (and some SS BG) improvement was seen with the Moderate Carb diet, which offered significantly greater behavioral support to subjects."
NR
*
*
NR
*
*
NA
"Renal and hepatic markers Neither diet group had adverse levels, but some WG and BG outcomes were SS: Urea - LC+HP diet: WG SS increase - Mod Carb diet: WG SS decrease BG SS p=0.03 Creatinine - LC+HP diet: WG NSS - Mod Carb diet: WG SS decrease BG NSS eGFR - LC+HP protein diet: WG NSS - Mod Carb diet: WG SS increase BG SS p=0.035 Alanine aminotransferase c-Glutamyl transferase - LC+HP diet: WG NSS - Mod Carb diet: Both WG SS decreases BG SS p=0.016, 0.008 "
"Greater weight loss and improved CV risk were achieved with the LL [Moderate Carb diet], which mostly reflects the patient support provided for each dietary treatment."
Abbreviations:
AHA - American Heart Association;
ALT - alanine aminotransferase;
AMDR - acceptable macronutrient distribution range;
AST - aspartate aminotransferase;
BG - between study groups;
BHOB - beta-hydroxybutyrate;
DBP - diastolic blood pressure;
E- energy, caloric intake;
eGFR - estimated glomerular filtration rate;
FBG - fasting blood glucose;
GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase;
HDL-C - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
iGFR - isotope glomerurar filtration rate;
LDL-C - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
NAFLD - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;
NR - not reported (or data needed for calculation not available);
N - no;
NA - not applicable;
NS - not specified;
NSS - not statistically significant;
SBP - systolic blood pressure;
SS - statistically significant;
TG - triglyceride;
total C - total cholesterol;
V - varied, mixed;
WG - within a study group;
WMD - weighted mean difference;
Y - yes
Number of People in Studies:
3,296 Enrolled in randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
2,626 Completed randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
79.67% 82% completion of studies
Duration of Trial
<6 Months
6-9 Months
1 -2 years
>2 years
# of Trials
36
6
9s
1