Low-fat hypocaloric (LF) diets reduce insulin resistance and prevent T2D.

46
2009
1
"Low-fat hypocaloric (LF) diets reduce insulin resistance and prevent T2D. Low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LC) diets are advocated as an alternative, but reciprocal increases in dietary fat may have detrimental effects on insulin resistance and offset the benefits of weight reduction. Aim: to investigate the effects of a LF diet vs a LC diet."
N
24
"Targets E: 7.9MJ/d (`1887kcal/d) Carb: 20%E Protein: 20%E Fat: 60%E Intake: same as above"
"Targets E: 7.1MJ/d (`1696kcal/d) Carb: 60%E Protein: 20%E Fat: 20%E Intake: same as above"
"Primary: insulin resistance (by glucose infusion rate [GIR] during euglycemic clamp) Secondary: body composition, meal tolerance–related insulin secretion, vascular compliance, plasma leptin, and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)."
"Weight and all other measures of body composition, GIR, HbA1c, SBP, DBP, fasting insulin and TG all improved SS in both groups. TG SS improved only in the LC diet; BG SS different. HDL-c worsened in both diets but SS so only in LF diet. Total C and arterial stiffness SS better only in LF diet."
"FBG WG: N BG: N BG NSS GIR WG: Y BG: N SS improved only in LC diet GIR Baseline→8 wks LC diet 23.5→28.3 p=0.02 LF diet 28.3→30.2 WG NSS BG NSS"
0
0
"WG: Y BG: N Baseline→8 wks LC diet 5.3%→5.2 p<0.01 LF diet WG NSS"
1
0
"WG: N BG: N Improved in both; SS only in LF diet group. Baseline→8 wks LC diet 4.65mmol/L→4.05 WG NSS LF diet 5.0mmol/L→4.12 WG p<0.01 BG NSS"
0
0
"WG: N BG: N Worsened in both diet groups but SS only in LF diet. Baseline→8 wks LC diet 1.47mmol/L→1.35 WG NSS LF diet 1.40mmol/L→1.15 WG p<0.01 BG NSS"
0
0
"WG: N BG: N Improved in both diet groups but SS only in LF diet. Baseline→8 wks LC diet 2.46mmol/L→2.1 WG NSS p=0.05 LF diet 2.85mmol/L→2.41 WG p<0.01 BG NSS"
0
0
"WG: Y BG: Y Improved in both diet groups but SS only in LC diet. Baseline→8 wks LC diet 1.59mmol/L→0.91 WG NSS p<0.01 LF diet 1.55mmol/L→1.43 WG NSS BG SS p=0.01"
1
1
*
*
"Weight, BMI, waist size, fat and lean mass, %body fat, all WG: Y BG: N All improved SS in both diet groups. Weight Baseline→8 wks LC diet 97.7kg→90.3 WG SS p<0.01 LF diet 91.5→85.0 WG SS p<0.01 BG NSS BMI Baseline→8 wks LC diet 34.5→31.9 WG SS p<0.01 LF diet 32.8→30.5 WG SS p<0.01 BG NSS "
1
0
"WG: Y BG: N Improved SS both groups Baseline→8 wks LC diet 122mmHg→114 WG SS p<0.01 LF diet 127mmHg→119 WG SS p=0.03 BG NSS"
1
0
"WG: Y BG: N Improved SS both groups Baseline→8 wks LC diet 70mmHg→65 WG SS p=0.03 LF diet 77mmHg→71 WG SS p<0.01 BG NSS"
1
0
"WG: Y BG: N Improved SS in both diet groups. Baseline→8 wks LC diet 12.5mU/I→7.4 WG NSS p<0.01 LF diet 11.4mU/I→9.0 WG SS p=0.02 BG NSS "
1
0
"Insulin secretion after meal tolerance test WG: Y BG: N SS improved only in LC diet"
1
0
NR
*
*
NA
NR
"Systemic arterial stiffness WG: N BG: N Improved in both groups but SS only in LF group. BG NSS Leptin WG: Y BG: N decreased SS both groups RBP4 WG: Y BG: N Decreased SS both groups BG NSS"
"This study demonstrates comparable effects on insulin resistance of LF and LC diets independent of macronutrient content.The difference in augmentation index [arterial stiffness] may imply a negative effect of LC diets on vascular risk."

Abbreviations:

AHA - American Heart Association;
ALT - alanine aminotransferase;
AMDR - acceptable macronutrient distribution range;
AST - aspartate aminotransferase;
BG - between study groups;
BHOB - beta-hydroxybutyrate;
DBP - diastolic blood pressure;
E- energy, caloric intake;
eGFR - estimated glomerular filtration rate;
FBG - fasting blood glucose;
GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase;
HDL-C - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
iGFR - isotope glomerurar filtration rate;
LDL-C - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
NAFLD - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;
NR - not reported (or data needed for calculation not available);
N - no;
NA - not applicable;
NS - not specified;
NSS - not statistically significant;
SBP - systolic blood pressure;
SS - statistically significant;
TG - triglyceride;
total C - total cholesterol;
V - varied, mixed;
WG - within a study group;
WMD - weighted mean difference;
Y - yes

Number of People in Studies:

3,296 Enrolled in randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
2,626 Completed randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
79.67% 82% completion of studies

Duration of Trial

<6 Months
6-9 Months
1 -2 years
>2 years

# of Trials

36
6
9s
1

Join the Low-Carb Action Network to stay informed of our latest news and calls to action.


Don't miss out on the chance to lend your voice for change!

We will never sell or share our mailing list with any other party or organization