Effects of weight loss from a very-low-carbohydrate diet on endothelial function and markers of cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with abdominal obesity.
6
2008
Effects of weight loss from a very-low-carbohydrate diet on endothelial function and markers of cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with abdominal obesity. JB Keogh, GD Brinkworth, M Noakes et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2008 Mar;87(3):567-76.
Australia
1
"The effects of a very-low-carbohydrate, high saturated-fat weight-loss diet on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and markers of endothelial function are unknown. Aim: to compare the effects of two isocaloric diets - very-low-carbohydratte diet (VLCHF) vs high-carbohydrate, low-saturated-fat (HCLF) diet on markers of endothelial function and CVD risk"
107
99
5%
18
8 wks
N
99
"Low-carb, high saturated fat Targets E: women 6000kJ/d (1434kcal/d); men 7000kJ/d (1673kcal/d Carb: 4%E Protein: 35%E Fat: 61%E, 20% saturated fat Intake: E: 6608kJ/d Carb: 5.1%E Protein: 35%E Fat: 58.5%E, 21%E saturated fat "
"High-carb, low-saturated diet Targets E: women 6000kJ/d (1434kcal/d); men 7000kJ/d (1673kcal/d Carb: 46%E Protein: 24%E Fat: 30%E, <8% saturated fat Intake: E: 6590kJ/d Carb: 46.7%E Protein: 24.1%E Fat: 27.8%E, 6%E saturated fat"
"Primary: endothelial-derived factors, adiponectin, and cardiometabolic risk factors Secondary: weight, waist size, lipids, SBP, DBP, FBG, adhesion molecules, insulin"
"FMD was unchanged across groups and was BG NSS. CRP, total C and LDL-C improved more with HCLF diet. HDL-C and TG improved more with LCHF diet. SBP, DBP, FBG, fasting insulin, apolipoprotein all SS across time but BG NSS Adhesion molecules improved SS across time but BG NSS"
"Adiponectin WG: NR BG: N BG NSS "
*
0
"CRP WG: NR BG: N HCLF SS diet favored p<0.05"
*
0
"FMD Adhesion molecules Apolipoprotein WG: NR BG: N BG NSS "
"A LCHF does not impair FMD. We observed beneficial effects of both diets on most of the CVD risk factors measured."
Abbreviations:
AHA - American Heart Association;
ALT - alanine aminotransferase;
AMDR - acceptable macronutrient distribution range;
AST - aspartate aminotransferase;
BG - between study groups;
BHOB - beta-hydroxybutyrate;
DBP - diastolic blood pressure;
E- energy, caloric intake;
eGFR - estimated glomerular filtration rate;
FBG - fasting blood glucose;
GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase;
HDL-C - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
iGFR - isotope glomerurar filtration rate;
LDL-C - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
NAFLD - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;
NR - not reported (or data needed for calculation not available);
N - no;
NA - not applicable;
NS - not specified;
NSS - not statistically significant;
SBP - systolic blood pressure;
SS - statistically significant;
TG - triglyceride;
total C - total cholesterol;
V - varied, mixed;
WG - within a study group;
WMD - weighted mean difference;
Y - yes
Number of People in Studies:
3,296 Enrolled in randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
2,626 Completed randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
79.67% 82% completion of studies
Duration of Trial
<6 Months
6-9 Months
1 -2 years
>2 years
# of Trials
36
6
9s
1