Effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate v. high-protein, moderate-carbohydrate weight-loss diet on antioxidant status, endothelial markers and plasma indices of the cardiometabolic profile.
3
2011
"Effects of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate v. high-protein, moderate-carbohydrate weight-loss diet on antioxidant status, endothelial markers and plasma indices of the cardiometabolic profile. AM Johnstone, GE Lobley, GW Horgan et al. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011 Jul;106(2):282-91. "
UK
1
"There are concerns that weight-loss (WL) diets based on very low carbohydrate (VLC) intake have a negative impact on antioxidant status and biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health. Aim: to compare two isoenergetic high-protein diets, where the fat and carbohydrate contents have been altered. "
18
16
5%
22
8 wks
N
16
"High-protein low-carb (HPLC diet) Targets E: ~70%E required for maintenance Carb: 4%E Protein: 30%E Fat: 66%E Intake: E: 7.98MJ/d (~1906kcal/d) Carb: 22.3g/d: 4.7%E Protein: 137.4g/d Fat: 143.0g/d; 67.5%E"
"High-protein moderate carb (HPMC) diet Targets E: ~70%E required for maintenance Carb: 35%E Protein: 30%E Fat: 35%E Reported intake: E: 8.31MJ/d (~1985kcal/d) Carb: 181.3g/d Protein: 138.9g/d Fat: 82.2g/d"
"Primary: antioxidants, metabolic and cardiovascular profile Weight, other measures of body composition, antioxidant levels, lipids, FBG, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, urea, markers for CVD risk (adiponectin, adhesion molecules), inflammatory markers. "
"HOMA-IR WG: Y BG: N HPLC: 2.15 HPMC: 2.47 WG SS p=0.001 BG NSS "
1
0
"Adiponectin and adhesion molecules: WG: N BG: N IL-1B, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 WG: N BG: N TNF-a: WG: Y BG: N IL-10: WG: Y BG: N HPMC diet SS more effective for IL-10 but not TNF-a."
*
*
NA
"9 antioxidants: diet-related effects found with all; increases and decreases varied with diet. -3 reduced with both diets but not to pt of deficiency. - vitamin C SS increased with HPLC diet."
"""The present data suggest that a HP LC weight-loss diet does not impair plasma indices of cardiometabolic health, at least within 4 weeks, in otherwise healthy obese subjects. In general, improvements in metabolic health associated with weight loss were similar between the HPLC and HPMC diets. Antioxidant supplements may be warranted if LC weight loss diets are consumed for a prolonged period."" "
Abbreviations:
AHA - American Heart Association;
ALT - alanine aminotransferase;
AMDR - acceptable macronutrient distribution range;
AST - aspartate aminotransferase;
BG - between study groups;
BHOB - beta-hydroxybutyrate;
DBP - diastolic blood pressure;
E- energy, caloric intake;
eGFR - estimated glomerular filtration rate;
FBG - fasting blood glucose;
GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase;
HDL-C - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
iGFR - isotope glomerurar filtration rate;
LDL-C - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
NAFLD - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;
NR - not reported (or data needed for calculation not available);
N - no;
NA - not applicable;
NS - not specified;
NSS - not statistically significant;
SBP - systolic blood pressure;
SS - statistically significant;
TG - triglyceride;
total C - total cholesterol;
V - varied, mixed;
WG - within a study group;
WMD - weighted mean difference;
Y - yes
Number of People in Studies:
3,296 Enrolled in randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
2,626 Completed randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
79.67% 82% completion of studies
Duration of Trial
<6 Months
6-9 Months
1 -2 years
>2 years
# of Trials
36
6
9s
1