Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

52
2012.37098
Effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on appetite, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. G Boden, K Sargrad, C Homko et al. Annals of Internal Medicine, March 15, 2005, 142:6, pages 403-411.
Click to download Study
US
1
To determine the effects of a strict low-carb diet on body weight, body water, E intake and expenditure, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and lipid levels in obese individuals with T2D.
90.53255449
80.78571429
22%
74
22 days (usual diet 7 days followed by low-carb diet 14 days)
N
70.16392157
"All food was provided Targets: E: 2164kcal/d Carb: ~21g/d; 3.9%E Protein: none Fat: none Intake E: 2164kcal/d Carb: 21g/d; 3.9%E Protein: 151g/d Fat: 164g/d; 68.2%"
"Targets: none set; usual diet. Reported intake: E: 3111kcal Carb: 309g/d Protein: 137g/d Fat: 154g/d"
"Primary: weight, body, water E intake and expenditure, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, FBG, insulin Secondary: and composition, diet satisfaction, BPHB, leptin, and ghrelin (hourly measures) "
Weight loss was due to deficit in E intake. 24-hr glucose profile normalized; HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, TG and total cholesterol levels improved.
"WG: NR BG: Y Glucose infusion to maintain euglycemia increased 30%"
*
2
NR
*
*
Dosages for several medications decreased in several patients.
"Blood urea N SS increased 5.85→7.14mg/dL Serum and urinary creatinine, uric acid, urinary albumin excretion: NSS change "
"Diet satisfaction: questionnaire responses indicated low-carb and usual diet about equal in terms of hunger, E level, satisfaction, comfort. Renal function: blood urea nitrogen: SS increase. Serum and urinary creatinine, serum uric acid, urinary albumin: all NSS. Leptin: SS lower at end of low-carb diet. Ghrelin marginally lower."
"In a small group of obese patients with T2D, a low-carbohydrate diet followed for two weeks resulted in spontaneous reduction in E intake to a level appropriate to their height; weight loss was completely accounted for by reduced caloric intake; much improved 24hr blood glucose profiles, insulin sensitivity, and HbA1c, and decreased TG and C levels. The long-term effects of this diet, however, remain uncertain."

Abbreviations:

AHA - American Heart Association;
ALT - alanine aminotransferase;
AMDR - acceptable macronutrient distribution range;
AST - aspartate aminotransferase;
BG - between study groups;
BHOB - beta-hydroxybutyrate;
DBP - diastolic blood pressure;
E- energy, caloric intake;
eGFR - estimated glomerular filtration rate;
FBG - fasting blood glucose;
GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase;
HDL-C - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
iGFR - isotope glomerurar filtration rate;
LDL-C - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
NAFLD - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;
NR - not reported (or data needed for calculation not available);
N - no;
NA - not applicable;
NS - not specified;
NSS - not statistically significant;
SBP - systolic blood pressure;
SS - statistically significant;
TG - triglyceride;
total C - total cholesterol;
V - varied, mixed;
WG - within a study group;
WMD - weighted mean difference;
Y - yes

Number of People in Studies:

3,296 Enrolled in randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
2,626 Completed randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
79.67% 82% completion of studies

Duration of Trial

<6 Months
6-9 Months
1 -2 years
>2 years

# of Trials

36
6
9s
1

Join the Low-Carb Action Network to stay informed of our latest news and calls to action.


Don't miss out on the chance to lend your voice for change!

We will never sell or share our mailing list with any other party or organization