Effect of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes.
48
2004
Effect of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes. MC Gannon, FQ Nuttall. Diabetes 2004;53:2375–2382.
US
1
"There has been interest in the effect of various types and amounts of dietary carbohydrates and proteins on blood glucose. Aim: to test the hypothesis that a diet that is low in carbohydrate, and particularly low in food-derived glucose, could lower FBG and the postprandial blood glucose in people with T2D."
11
8
20%
142
5 weeks for each diet with a 5-wk washout between diets.
N
8
"Low biologically available glucose (LoBAG) diet Standardized meals provided Targets E: individualized to maintain weight (2825kcal) Carb: 20%E, 142g/d Protein: 30%E, 210g/d Fat: 50%E, 158g/d Sat fat: 10%E, 30g/d Intake: NR"
"Based on recommendations of the American Heart Association Standardized meals provided Targets E: individualized to maintain weight (2825kcal/d) Carb: 55%E, 388g/d; emphasis on starchy foods Protein: 15%E, 106g/d Fat: 30%E, 94g/d Sat fat: 10%E, 33g/d"
"Primary: blood glucose (HbA1c, FBG) Secondary: lipids, urinary and plasma BOHB, fasting insulin, glucagon, urea, creatinine to test compliance."
"All glycemic control measures SS improved on LoBAG diet, including Hba1c. Only lipid measure with SS change was for TG, favoring the LoBAG diet. Fasting insulin changes were NSS, while net and total 24-h integrated insulin area response were both SS lower on LoBAG diet. Plasma and urinary BHOB were similar on both diets."
NR
*
*
NR
*
*
NR
NR
"...a LoBAG diet can dramatically reduce the 24-h integrated glucose concentration and consequently the percentage of glycohemoglobin in people with T2D. These positive results occur without a significant change in serum lipids, except for a significant decrease in tRG concentration."
Abbreviations:
AHA - American Heart Association;
ALT - alanine aminotransferase;
AMDR - acceptable macronutrient distribution range;
AST - aspartate aminotransferase;
BG - between study groups;
BHOB - beta-hydroxybutyrate;
DBP - diastolic blood pressure;
E- energy, caloric intake;
eGFR - estimated glomerular filtration rate;
FBG - fasting blood glucose;
GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase;
HDL-C - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
iGFR - isotope glomerurar filtration rate;
LDL-C - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
NAFLD - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;
NR - not reported (or data needed for calculation not available);
N - no;
NA - not applicable;
NS - not specified;
NSS - not statistically significant;
SBP - systolic blood pressure;
SS - statistically significant;
TG - triglyceride;
total C - total cholesterol;
V - varied, mixed;
WG - within a study group;
WMD - weighted mean difference;
Y - yes
Number of People in Studies:
3,296 Enrolled in randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
2,626 Completed randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
79.67% 82% completion of studies
Duration of Trial
<6 Months
6-9 Months
1 -2 years
>2 years
# of Trials
36
6
9s
1