Aim: to test the efficacy of a low-fat (LF) diet vs a carbohydrate-restricted (LC) diet, in subjects with elevated TG levels (>1.69mmol/L to <6.78mmol/L), for lipid profile, weight loss, C-reactive protein and satiety
38
2008
1
Aim: to test the efficacy of a low-fat (LF) diet vs a carbohydrate-restricted (LC) diet, in subjects with elevated TG levels (>1.69mmol/L to <6.78mmol/L), for lipid profile, weight loss, C-reactive protein and satiety
N
23
"Targets E: none Carb: 15%E Protein: 20-30%E Fat: 55-65%E Saturated fat: <10%E Intake: NR"
"LF diet E: restricted (104.6kJ/kg [~25kcal/kg] body weight Carb: 50-60%E Protein: 15%E Fat: <30%E Saturated and trans fat: <10%E Intake: NR"
"Primary: C-reactive protein, TG and other lipids Secondary: compliance, satiety"
"Weight loss improved on both diets, but BG NS. CRP was unchanged in both diets. Most lipid panel scores were NSS WG. However, the LC diet performed slightly better on some lipoprotein subfraction scores."
NR
*
*
NR
*
*
"WG: N BG: N WG NSS both groups BG NSS"
0
0
"HDL-C total, HDL size; lg, med, sm particle concentrations WG: N BG: N WG NSS both groups BG NSS"
0
0
"LDL-C total, LDL size, LDL particles; lg particles WG: N BG: N LDL small particle concentration WG: Y BG: Y LC diet: -46% LF diet: +36% LDL medium particle concentration WG: N BG: N LC diet: +4% LF diet: +63% BG NSS"
0
0
"Total TG concentration; VLDL TG size and concentrations for sm, med, lg VLDL TG WG: N BG: N BG NSS "
0
0
*
*
"Weight, body fat, waist WG: NR BG: N BG NSS "
*
0
NR
*
*
NR
*
*
NR
*
*
NR
*
*
"CRP WG: N BG: N WG NSS both groups BG NSS"
0
0
NA
NR
"Determined that 80% of LC group and 60% of LF group were compliant. Satiety and hunger scores BG NSS different although overall satisfaction was slightly higher for LF diet (5.5 vs 4.9)."
"Favorable reductions in small LDL concentrations after 8 wks suggest that a moderately restricted carbohydrate diet (20%E as carb) can promote a less atherogenic lipid profile when compared to the low-fat diet."
Abbreviations:
AHA - American Heart Association;
ALT - alanine aminotransferase;
AMDR - acceptable macronutrient distribution range;
AST - aspartate aminotransferase;
BG - between study groups;
BHOB - beta-hydroxybutyrate;
DBP - diastolic blood pressure;
E- energy, caloric intake;
eGFR - estimated glomerular filtration rate;
FBG - fasting blood glucose;
GGT - gamma-glutamyl transferase;
HDL-C - high-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
iGFR - isotope glomerurar filtration rate;
LDL-C - low-density lipoprotein cholesterol;
NAFLD - non-alcoholic fatty liver disease;
NR - not reported (or data needed for calculation not available);
N - no;
NA - not applicable;
NS - not specified;
NSS - not statistically significant;
SBP - systolic blood pressure;
SS - statistically significant;
TG - triglyceride;
total C - total cholesterol;
V - varied, mixed;
WG - within a study group;
WMD - weighted mean difference;
Y - yes
Number of People in Studies:
3,296 Enrolled in randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
2,626 Completed randomized controlled trials on 25% or less carbohydrates
79.67% 82% completion of studies
Duration of Trial
<6 Months
6-9 Months
1 -2 years
>2 years
# of Trials
36
6
9s
1